: reactive attachment disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, adjustment disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prolonged emotional distress, anxiety, distressing memories, nightmares and disruptive behaviors in response to violence, abuse, injury or other traumatic events.
Children and teens could have PTSD if they have lived through an event that could have caused them or someone else to be killed or badly hurt. Such events include sexual or physical abuse or other violent crimes. Disasters such as floods, school shootings, car crashes, or fires might also cause PTSD. Other events that can cause PTSD are war, a friend's suicide, or seeing violence in the area they live. Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is diagnosed after a person experiences symptoms for at least one month following a traumatic event. The disorder is characterized by three main types of symptoms: – Re-experiencing the trauma through intrusive distressing recollections of the event, flashbacks, and nightmares. – Avoidance of places, people, and activities that are reminders of the trauma, and emotional numbness. – Increased arousal such as difficulty sleeping and concentrating, feeling jumpy, and being easily irritated and angered.
Diagnosis criteria that apply specifically to children younger than age six include the following: Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violation: – direct experience – witnessing the events as they occurred to others, especially primary caregivers (Note: Does not include events witnessed only in electronic media, television, movies, or pictures.) – learning that the traumatic events occurred to a parent or care giving figure
Substance Abuse
Substance abuse
Out of risk taking behavior/ adventure, peer pressure, stress.
Commonly used substances1. Alcohol2. Tobacco3. Cannabis4. Heroin5. Prescription drugs-opioids, CNS stimulants, CNS depressants
Adverse effects:
Impairment of general abilities such as senses, speed of reaction, co-ordination, thinking concentration
Increased risk taking with poor inhibitory control over behavior
Mood changes with poor control over feelings.
Consequences include increased probability of accidents & unintentional injuries, violence, suicide and risky sexual behaviors.
