Oppositional Defiant Disorder: a pattern of angry, irritable mood, argumentative, defiant behavior or spitefulness. This disorder consists of an enduring pattern of uncooperative, defiant and hostile behavior towards authority figures without major antisocial violation. Symptoms include negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior and includes the frequent occurrence of at least 4 of the following behaviors during that period (more frequently lose temper, argues with adults, actively defies or refuses to comply with adults’ rules or requests, deliberately annoys others, blames others for own mistakes or misbehaviors, easily annoyed by others, touchy, angry and resentful. They are spiteful or vindictive.
It can only be diagnosed when the behavior is intense and more frequent. It is found in about 5% of the population and equal in both the males and females. It causes dysfunction in social, academic and work situation and 25% of them develop conduct disorder and the treatment is as same as conduct disorder.
Conduct disorder: a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or rules are violated. It is often more serious in its consequences than ODD because of the violation of important societal norms and disregard of the rights of others.
Symptoms are clustered in four main areas: Aggression to people and animals, Destruction of property, Deceitfulness and theft and Serious violation of rules.
Aggression towards people may include bullying, intimidation, use of weapons, physical cruelty, forced sexual activity, mugging, purse snatching. There is cruelty to animals. Destruction of property includes fire setting, and other deliberate property destruction. Deceitfulness or theft includes breaking into a building or a car, conning others to obtain goods, stealing items of value. Serious rule violation including staying out at night without parents’ permission before age 13, running away from home, school truancy before 13.
Pyromania: deliberate and purposeful fire setting on more than one occasion.
Kleptomania: recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects that are not needed for personal use or for their monetary value.
Treatment of conduct disorders: Parenting education, Social skill training, Improving peer relationship, Attempts to improve academic performance, Family therapy, Individual therapy, Conflict resolution, Anger management and Teaching social skills. Antipsychotic medication with therapy if the patient is very violent.
Epilepsy
Other mental Health Problems:
Psychoses: brief psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, delusional disorder, catatonia
Psychosis is a disorder in perceptions and thoughts that cause a person to lose touch with reality. Most often appearing in the late teens through the 20s, schizophrenia results in hallucinations, delusions, and disordered thinking and behaviors.
Childhood schizophrenia is a severe brain disorder in which children interpret reality abnormally. Signs and symptoms may vary, but they reflect an impaired ability to function. It occurs early in life and has a profound impact on a child's behavior and development. It requires lifelong treatment. The earliest indications of childhood schizophrenia may include developmental problems, such as language delays, late or unusual crawling, late walking and other abnormal motor behaviors like, rocking or arm flapping.
